Quebec

The Material World

• A Properties

  • A.1 Properties of matter

    • A.1.a Mass

      • A.1.a.i Defines the concept of mass

      • A.1.a.ii Compares the mass of different substances with the same volume

    • A.1.b Volume

      • A.1.b.i Defines the concept of volume

      • A.1.b.ii Chooses the appropriate unit of measurement to express volume (e.g. 120 mL or 0.12 L or 120 cm³)

        • Choose units of distance, mass and volume (8-T.1)

      • A.1.b.iii Compares the volume of different substances with the same mass

    • A.1.c Temperature

      • A.1.c.i Describes the effect of heat on the degree of agitation of particles

        • How does particle motion affect temperature? (8-F.1)

      • A.1.c.ii Defines temperature as a measurement of the degree of agitation of particles

        • How does particle motion affect temperature? (8-F.1)
        • Particle motion and changes of state (8-F.2)
        • Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure (8-F.4)

      • A.1.c.iii Explains the thermal expansion of bodies

    • A.1.d States of matter

      • A.1.d.i Names the different phase changes of matter (vaporization, condensation, freezing, melting, deposition, sublimation)

        • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing (5-D.2)
        • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing and sublimating (5-D.3)

      • A.1.d.ii Interprets the phase change diagram for a pure substance

    • A.1.e Acidity/alkalinity

      • A.1.e.i Determines the observable properties of acidic, basic or neutral solutions (e.g. reaction to litmus, reactivity with metals)

      • A.1.e.ii Determines the acidity or alkalinity of common substances (e.g. water, lemon juice, vinegar, soft drinks, milk of magnesia, cleaners)

    • A.1.f Characteristic properties

      • A.1.f.i Defines a characteristic property as a property that aids in the identification of a substance or group of substances

      • A.1.f.ii Identifies groups of substances based on their common characteristic properties (e.g. acids turn litmus red)

      • A.1.f.iii Associates a characteristic property of a substance or material with its use (e.g. metal is used to make pots because it is a good conductor of heat)

  • A.3 Properties of solutions

    • A.3.a Solutions

      • A.3.a.i Describes the properties of an aqueous solution (e.g. only one visible phase, translucent)

• B Changes

  • B.1 Changes in matter

    • B.1.a Conservation of matter

      • B.1.a.i Demonstrates that matter is conserved during a chemical change (e.g. conservation of mass in a precipitation reaction)

        • Understand conservation of matter using graphs (6-D.1)

    • B.1.b Mixtures

      • B.1.b.i Describes the properties of a mixture (e.g. made up of several substances, one or more phases)

        • Identify mixtures (8-H.1)

      • B.1.b.ii Distinguishes between a solution or homogenous mixture (e.g. drinking water, air, alloy) and a heterogeneous mixture (e.g. tomato juice, smog, rock)

    • B.1.d Separation of mixtures

      • B.1.d.i Associates a separation technique with the type of mixture to be separated

      • B.1.d.ii Describes the steps involved in separating a complex mixture (e.g. sedimentation, decantation and evaporation to separate salt water and sand)

  • B.2 Physical changes

    • B.2.a Physical changes

      • B.2.a.i Describes the characteristics of a physical change (e.g. substance retains its properties, molecules remain intact)

      • B.2.a.ii Recognizes different physical changes (e.g. phase changes, preparation or separation of a mixture)

  • B.3 Chemical changes

    • B.3.a Chemical changes

      • B.3.a.i Describes the indicators of a chemical change (formation of a precipitate, effervescence, colour change, heat, light)

        • Describe energy changes in chemical reactions (7-E.4)
        • Compare physical and chemical changes (7-E.5)

      • B.3.a.ii Explains a chemical change based on the changes in the properties of the substances involved

      • B.3.a.iii Names different types of chemical changes (e.g. decomposition, oxidation)

• C Organization

  • C.1 Structure of matter

    • C.1.a Atom

      • C.1.a.i Describes Dalton's atomic model

        • What are atoms and chemical elements? (7-D.1)

      • C.1.a.ii Defines the atom as the basic unit of the molecule

        • Describe the atomic composition of molecules (7-D.4)

    • C.1.b Molecule

      • C.1.b.i Describes a molecule using Dalton's atomic model (combination of atoms linked by chemical bonds)

        • How are substances represented by chemical formulas and models? (7-D.2)

      • C.1.b.ii Represents the formation of a molecule using Dalton's atomic model

        • How are substances represented by chemical formulas and models? (7-D.2)

    • C.1.c Element

      • C.1.c.i Defines an element as a pure substance made of a single type of atom (e.g. Fe, N₂)

        • Classify elementary substances and compounds using models (7-D.6)

    • C.1.d Periodic table

      • C.1.d.i Describes the periodic table as a structured classification of elements

The Living World

• A Diversity of life forms

  • A.1 Ecology

    • A.1.a Habitat

      • A.1.a.i Names the characteristics that define a habitat (e.g. geographic location, climate, flora, fauna, proximity of man-made constructions)

        • Identify ecosystems (7-N.2)

      • A.1.a.ii Describes the habitat of certain species

        • Describe ecosystems (7-N.3)

    • A.1.b Ecological niche

      • A.1.b.i Names the characteristics that define an ecological niche (e.g. habitat, diet, daily rhythms)

      • A.1.b.ii Describes the ecological niche of an animal species

    • A.1.c Species

      • A.1.c.i Names the characteristics that define a species (common physical characteristics; natural, viable and fertile reproduction)

        • Use evidence to classify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians (6-J.3)
        • Use evidence to classify animals (6-J.4)

    • A.1.d Population

      • A.1.d.i Distinguishes between a population and a species

        • Describe populations, communities and ecosystems (7-N.1)

      • A.1.d.ii Calculates the number of individuals of a species in a given territory

  • A.2 Diversity of life forms

    • A.2.a Physical and behavioural adaptation

      • A.2.a.i Describes physical adaptations that enable animals and plants to improve their chances of survival (e.g. coat colour matched to the environment, shape of leaves)

        • Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths and necks (5-K.1)
        • Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings (5-K.3)
        • Animal adaptations: feet and limbs (6-N.1)

      • A.2.a.ii Describes behavioural adaptations that enable animals and plants to improve their chances of survival (e.g. movement in groups, phototropism)

        • How can animal behaviours affect reproductive success? Identify evidence to support a claim (7-J.1)

    • A.2.b Evolution

      • A.2.b.i Describes the stages in the evolution of living organisms

      • A.2.b.ii Explains the natural selection process

        • Introduction to natural selection (7-J.2)
        • Calculate the percentages of traits in a population (7-J.3)
        • Calculate the averages of traits in a population (7-J.4)
        • Construct explanations of natural selection (7-J.5)

    • A.2.c Taxonomy

      • A.2.c.i Defines taxonomy as a system for classifying living organisms based for the most part on their anatomical and genetic characteristics

      • A.2.c.ii Identifies a species using a taxonomic key

    • A.2.d Genes and chromosomes

      • A.2.d.i Locates chromosomes in the cell

      • A.2.d.ii Defines a gene as part of a chromosome

      • A.2.d.iii Describes the role of genes (transmission of hereditary characteristics)

• B Life-sustaining processes

  • B.1 Life-sustaining processes

    • B.1.a Characteristics of living things

      • B.1.a.i Describes certain characteristics common to all living things (nutrition, relationships, adaptation, reproduction)

    • B.1.b Plant and animal cells

      • B.1.b.i Defines the cell as the structural unit of life

        • Understanding cells (8-K.1)

      • B.1.b.ii Names vital functions carried out by cells

        • Identify functions of plant cell parts (8-K.2)
        • Identify functions of animal cell parts (8-K.3)

      • B.1.b.iii Distinguishes between animal and plant cells

        • Plant cell diagrams: label parts (8-K.4)
        • Animal cell diagrams: label parts (8-K.5)
        • Compare cells and cell parts (8-K.6)

    • B.1.c Cellular components visible under a microscope

      • B.1.c.i Identifies the main cellular components visible under a microscope (cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles)

        • Plant cell diagrams: label parts (8-K.4)
        • Animal cell diagrams: label parts (8-K.5)

      • B.1.c.ii Describes the role of the main cellular components visible under a microscope

        • Identify functions of plant cell parts (8-K.2)
        • Identify functions of animal cell parts (8-K.3)

    • B.1.d Inputs and outputs (energy, nutrients, waste)

      • B.1.d.i Names cellular inputs

        • Understanding the chemistry of cellular respiration (8-J.2)

      • B.1.d.ii Names cellular outputs

        • Understanding the chemistry of cellular respiration (8-J.2)

    • B.1.e Osmosis and diffusion

      • B.1.e.i Distinguishes between osmosis and diffusion

        • Diffusion across membranes (8-H.3)

    • B.1.f Photosynthesis and respiration

      • B.1.f.i Names the inputs and outputs involved in photosynthesis

        • How do plants use and change energy? (8-M.1)

      • B.1.f.iii Names the inputs and outputs involved in respiration

        • Understanding the chemistry of cellular respiration (8-J.2)

• E Survival of species

  • E.1 Reproduction

    • E.1.a Asexual and sexual reproduction

      • E.1.a.i Distinguishes between asexual and sexual reproduction (e.g. sexual reproduction involves gametes)

    • E.1.b Reproductive mechanisms in plants

      • E.1.b.i Describes asexual reproductive mechanisms in plants (e.g. cutting, layering)

        • Moss and fern life cycles (7-L.2)

      • E.1.b.ii Describes the sexual reproductive mechanism in plants (flowering plants)

        • Angiosperm and conifer life cycles (7-L.1)

    • E.1.c Reproductive mechanisms in animals

      • E.1.c.i Describes the roles of the male and female in the reproduction of certain types of animals (e.g. birds, fish, mammals)

    • E.1.d Reproductive organs

      • E.1.d.i Names the main male and female reproductive organs (penis, testicles, vagina, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus)

    • E.1.e Gametes

      • E.1.e.i Names the male and female gametes

      • E.1.e.ii Describes the role of gametes in reproduction

    • E.1.f Fertilization

      • E.1.f.i Describes fertilization in humans

    • E.1.g Pregnancy

      • E.1.g.i Names the stages of human development during pregnancy (zygote, embryo, fetus)

    • E.1.h Stages of human development

      • E.1.h.i Describes the stages of human development (childhood, adolescence, adulthood)

    • E.1.i Contraception

      • E.1.i.i Describes contraceptive methods (e.g. condom, ovulation suppression agents)

      • E.1.i.ii Describes the advantages and disadvantages of different contraceptive methods

    • E.1.j Methods of preventing the implantation of the zygote in the uterus

      • E.1.j.i Names methods of preventing the implantation of the zygote in the uterus (intrauterine device, day-after pill)

    • E.1.k Sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases

      • E.1.k.i Names sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases

      • E.1.k.ii Describes behaviours to prevent contracting sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases (e.g. wearing a condom)

      • E.1.k.iii Describes responsible behaviours to adopt after being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted or blood-borne disease (e.g. informing one's partner)

The Earth and Space

• A Characteristics of the Earth

  • A.1 General characteristics of the Earth

    • A.1.a Internal structure of the Earth

      • A.1.a.i Describes the main characteristics of the three parts of the internal structure of the Earth (crust, mantle, core)

        • Label Earth layers (8-P.1)

  • A.2 Lithosphere

    • A.2.a General characteristics of the lithosphere

      • A.2.a.i Defines the lithosphere as the outer shell of the Earth comprising the crust and the upper mantle

      • A.2.a.ii Describes the main relationships between the lithosphere and human activity (e.g. survival, agriculture, mining, land-use planning)

    • A.2.b Relief

      • A.2.b.i Describes relationships between relief (topology) and geological and geophysical phenomena (e.g. the retreat of a glacier causes the formation of a plain)

      • A.2.b.ii Describes the effect of relief on human activities (e.g. transportation, construction, sports, agriculture)

    • A.2.h Types of rocks

      • A.2.h.i Describes the formation of three types of rock: igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

        • Introduction to the rock cycle (7-R.2)
        • Label parts of rock cycle diagrams (7-R.5)
        • Select parts of rock cycle diagrams (7-R.6)

      • A.2.h.ii Classifies rocks by method of formation (e.g. granite is an igneous rock, lime is a sedimentary rock, slate is a metamorphic rock)

        • Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic (7-R.3)

      • A.2.h.iii Distinguishes between rocks and minerals

        • Identify rocks and minerals (7-R.1)

    • A.2.i Minerals

      • A.2.i.i Names basic minerals based on their properties (e.g. colour, hardness, magnetism)

    • A.2.j Types of soil

      • A.2.j.i Classifies soils based on their composition (e.g. sand, clay, organic material)

  • A.3 Hydrosphere

    • A.3.a General characteristics of the hydrosphere

      • A.3.a.i Describes the distribution of fresh water and salt water on the Earth's surface (e.g. glaciers contain inaccessible fresh water)

      • A.3.a.ii Describes the main interactions between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere (e.g. heat exchanges, climate regulation, meteorological phenomena)

  • A.4 Atmosphere

    • A.4.a General characteristics of the atmosphere

      • A.4.a.i Locates the main layers of the atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere)

      • A.4.a.ii Describes the composition of pure air at sea level (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour)

      • A.4.a.iii Describes the relationships between the atmosphere and certain human activities (e.g. recreation, transportation, energy consumption)

        • Evaluate claims about natural resource use: fossil fuels (6-S.2)

• B Geological and geophysical phenomena

  • B.1 Geological and geophysical phenomena

    • B.1.a Tectonic plate

      • B.1.a.i Describes the main elements of the theory of tectonic plates (e.g. plate, subduction zone, mid-oceanic ridge)

        • Label Earth features at tectonic plate boundaries (8-P.2)

    • B.1.b Orogenesis

      • B.1.b.i Describes the formation of mountains, folding and breaks (tectonic plate movements)

        • Describe tectonic plate boundaries around the world (8-P.3)

    • B.1.c Volcano

      • B.1.c.i Describes a volcanic eruption

      • B.1.c.ii Describes the geographical distribution of volcanoes

    • B.1.d Earthquake

      • B.1.d.i Describes the processes that cause earthquakes (e.g. tectonic plate movements, slides)

    • B.1.e Erosion

      • B.1.e.i Describes different types of erosion (e.g. soils dried by the wind, fragmentation of rocks caused by water freezing and thawing)

    • B.1.f Winds

      • B.1.f.i Names the main factors responsible for wind (e.g. convection movements, movement of air masses)

        • Explore air masses (8-R.1)
        • Identify and compare air masses (8-R.2)
        • How do air masses form? (8-R.3)

    • B.1.g Water cycle

      • B.1.g.i Explains the water cycle (phase changes, energy exchanges)

        • Label parts of water cycle diagrams (8-Q.1)
        • Select parts of water cycle diagrams (8-Q.2)

    • B.1.h Natural energy sources

      • B.1.h.i Describes the role of solar energy as a natural energy source (e.g. wind, tornadoes, hurricanes, storms)

    • B.1.i Renewable and nonrenewable energy resources

      • B.1.i.i Distinguishes between renewable and nonrenewable energy resources (e.g. Sun, molten rock, moving water, oil)

• C Astronomical phenomena

  • C.1 Concepts related to astronomy

    • C.1.a Universal Gravitation

      • C.1.a.i Defines gravitation as a force of mutual attraction between bodies

    • C.1.c Light

      • C.1.c.i Defines light as a form of radiant energy

        • Electromagnetic waves (8-G.5)

      • C.1.c.ii Describes properties of light (propagation in a straight line, diffuse reflection by surfaces)

      • C.1.c.iii Explains different phenomena using the properties of light (cycles of day and night, seasons, phases of the Moon, eclipses)

        • Identify phases of the Moon (6-V.4)
        • Solar eclipses (6-V.5)
        • Lunar eclipses (6-V.6)
        • What causes the seasons on Earth? (6-V.7)

  • C.2 Solar system

    • C.2.a Characteristics of the solar system

      • C.2.a.i Compares some of the characteristics of the planets in our solar system (e.g. distances, relative size, composition)

        • Analyze data to compare properties of planets (6-V.9)

    • C.2.b Cycles of day and night

      • C.2.b.i Explains the alternation of day and night in terms of the Earth's rotation

        • Earth's rotation and orbit (6-V.1)

    • C.2.c Phases of the Moon

      • C.2.c.i Explains the phases of the lunar cycle

        • Identify phases of the Moon (6-V.4)

    • C.2.d Eclipses

      • C.2.d.i Explains a lunar or solar eclipse

        • Solar eclipses (6-V.5)

    • C.2.e Seasons

      • C.2.e.i Explains the phenomenon of seasons in terms of the position of the Earth with respect to the Sun (tilt, revolution)

        • What causes the seasons on Earth? (6-V.7)

    • C.2.f Comets

      • C.2.f.i Describes the main parts of a comet (core of ice and rock, tail of gas, and tail of dust)

    • C.2.g Aurora borealis (northern lights)

      • C.2.g.i Locates the geographic regions where the aurora borealis occurs (polar regions)

      • C.2.g.ii Identifies the atmospheric layer in which the aurora borealis occurs

    • C.2.h Meteoroid impact

      • C.2.h.i Identifies traces left by meteoroid impacts in Québec (e.g. craters, astroblemes)

The Technological World

• A Graphical language

  • A.1 Graphical language

    • A.1.a Diagram of principles (design plan)

      • A.1.a.i Defines a diagram of principles as a representation used to effectively explain the operation of a technical object

      • A.1.a.ii Associates the functional elements of a technical object with the appropriate diagram of principles

      • A.1.a.iii Explains the operation of a simple technical object by drawing a diagram illustrating the active forces and the resulting motion

      • A.1.a.iv Names the subassemblies and parts essential to the operation of a technical object

      • A.1.a.v Indicates certain principles of simple machines illustrated in a technical object (e.g. a lever in a wheelbarrow, a wedge in an axe)

    • A.1.b Construction diagram (technical diagram)

      • A.1.b.i Defines a construction diagram as a representation used to effectively explain the construction and assembly of a technical object

      • A.1.b.ii Associates the shape and arrangement of parts of technical objects with the appropriate construction diagram

      • A.1.b.iii Explains the construction of a simple technical object by drawing a diagram illustrating the assembly and arrangement of parts

      • A.1.b.iv Names the components of a simple technical object

      • A.1.b.v Indicates the links and guiding controls on a construction diagram

• B Mechanical engineering

  • B.1 Forces and motion

    • B.1.a Types of motion

      • B.1.a.i Identifies parts that move in a specific way in a technical object (rectilinear translation, rotation, helical)

    • B.1.b Effects of a force

      • B.1.b.i Explains the effects of a force in a technical object (change in the motion of an object, distortion of a material)

        • Collisions and car safety features (8-E.5)

    • B.1.c Simple machines

      • B.1.c.i Identifies wheels, inclined planes and levers in simple technical objects (e.g. a wheelbarrow is made up of a second-class lever and a wheel)

      • B.1.c.ii Describes qualitatively the mechanical advantages of different types of levers (first-class, second-class, third-class) in different applications

  • B.2 Technological systems

    • B.2.a System

      • B.2.a.i Identifies a system (set of connected elements that interact with each other) in a technical object or technological application

      • B.2.a.ii Describes the overall function of a technological system

      • B.2.a.iii Names the inputs and outputs of a technological system

      • B.2.a.iv Names the processes and control elements of a technological system

    • B.2.b Components of a system

      • B.2.b.i Describes the role of the components of a technological system (e.g. explains the role of the parts of a lighting system)

    • B.2.c Energy transformations

      • B.2.c.i Associates energy with radiation, heat or motion

        • Predict heat flow and temperature changes (7-F.1)
        • Compare thermal energy transfers (7-F.2)

      • B.2.c.ii Defines energy transformations

      • B.2.c.iii Identifies energy transformations in a technical object or technological system

  • B.3 Engineering

    • B.3.a Basic mechanical functions (links, guiding control)

      • B.3.a.i Describes the role of links and guiding controls in a technical object

      • B.3.a.ii Identifies a guiding control in a technical object, as well as the related links (e.g. a pizza wheel is guided by a pivot, which links it to the handle)

    • B.3.h Motion transmission systems

      • B.3.h.i Identifies motion transmission systems in technical objects

    • B.3.k Motion transformation systems

      • B.3.k.i Identifies motion transformation systems in technical objects

• D Materials

  • D.1 Material resources

    • D.1.a Raw materials

      • D.1.a.i Associates raw materials with the unprocessed materials used in an industry (e.g. bauxite is the raw material used in aluminum smelters)

    • D.1.b Materials

      • D.1.b.i Names the materials present in a technical object (e.g. a cooking pot is composed of two materials: a metal used to make the container and plastic used to coat the handle)

      • D.1.b.ii Determines the origins of the materials present in a technical object (animal, plant, mineral, wood)

    • D.1.c Equipment

      • D.1.c.i Defines tools and equipment as the elements needed to manufacture an object (machining, control, assembly)

• E Manufacturing

  • E.1 Manufacturing

    • E.1.a Specifications

      • E.1.a.i Defines specifications as a set of constraints associated with the design of a technical object

      • E.1.a.ii Evaluates a prototype or technical object based on the environments described in the specifications (human, technical, industrial, economic, physical, environmental)

        • Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions (7-C.2)
        • Use data from tests to compare engineering-design solutions (7-C.3)

    • E.1.b Manufacturing process sheet

      • E.1.b.i Defines a manufacturing process sheet as a set of steps to follow to machine the parts that make up a technical object

      • E.1.b.ii Follows a process and assembly sheet to construct an object consisting of few components or to construct part of that object

Techniques

• A Technology

  • A.1 Graphic communication

    • A.1.a Doing a technical drawing

      • A.1.a.i Chooses the best view for an elevation drawing of a technical object

      • A.1.a.ii Represents the visible edges using solid lines

      • A.1.a.iii Represents the hidden edges using dotted lines

      • A.1.a.iv Indicates the overall external dimensions of an object on a drawing

    • A.1.b Reading plans

      • A.1.b.i Associates views with the sides of a technical object

      • A.1.b.ii Associates lines with the edges of a technical object

    • A.1.c Drawing diagrams

      • A.1.c.i Chooses the best view to describe a technical object

      • A.1.c.ii Uses different colours for each part of a technical object

      • A.1.c.iii Indicates all the information needed to explain the operation or construction of an object

    • A.1.d Using scales

      • A.1.d.i Associates real measurements with each of the dimensions in a drawing

      • A.1.d.ii Reduces or multiplies the dimensions of a technical object based on the scale

    • A.1.e Using drawing instruments

      • A.1.e.i Uses drawing instruments (e.g. ruler, square) to make diagrams

  • A.2 Manufacturing

    • A.2.a Safely using machines and tools

      • A.2.a.i Uses tools safely (e.g. retractable utility knife, hammer, screwdriver, pliers)

    • A.2.b Measuring and laying out

      • A.2.b.i Identifies the unit of measurement on the instrument

      • A.2.b.ii Positions the measuring instrument to obtain reliable reference points

      • A.2.b.iii Adopts the appropriate position for reading an instrument

      • A.2.b.iv Marks the materials to be shaped using a pencil or punch

    • A.2.c Machining and forming

      • A.2.c.i Chooses the appropriate materials, tools, techniques and processes

      • A.2.c.ii Draws the necessary reference lines

      • A.2.c.iii Immobilizes the part to be formed

      • A.2.c.iv Forms the part in accordance with the steps in the following machining processes: sawing, drilling, sanding, filing

    • A.2.d Finishing

      • A.2.d.i Sands the sides or deburrs the edges of each part after forming

      • A.2.d.ii Uses the appropriate finish (stain, paint)

    • A.2.e Assembling

      • A.2.e.i Marks the references (holes, points or guidelines)

      • A.2.e.ii Immobilizes parts during gluing

      • A.2.e.iii Drills to the diameter of the screws, nails or rivets used

      • A.2.e.iv Countersinks the openings for countersunk screws

    • A.2.f Assembling and disassembling

      • A.2.f.i Identifies and gathers the parts and hardware

      • A.2.f.ii Chooses the appropriate tools

      • A.2.f.iii For disassembly, numbers and records the location of the parts

• B Science

  • B.1 Science

    • B.1.a Safely using laboratory materials and equipment

      • B.1.a.i Uses laboratory materials and equipment safely (e.g. allows hotplate to cool, uses beaker tongs)

        • Identify laboratory tools (8-A.2)
        • Laboratory safety equipment (8-A.3)

      • B.1.a.ii Handles chemicals safely (e.g. uses a spatula and pipette filler)

    • B.1.b Separating mixtures

      • B.1.b.i Separates heterogeneous mixtures using sedimentation and decantation

      • B.1.b.ii Separates heterogeneous mixtures using filtration

      • B.1.b.iii Separates different aqueous solutions using evaporation or distillation

    • B.1.c Designing and creating an environment

      • B.1.c.i Uses environmental design and construction techniques that respect the characteristics of the habitat (e.g. terrarium, aquarium, composting medium)

    • B.1.d Using measuring instruments

      • B.1.d.i Adopts the appropriate position for reading an instrument

      • B.1.d.ii Measures the mass of a substance using a balance

      • B.1.d.iii Measures the volume of a liquid using the appropriate graduated cylinder

      • B.1.d.iv Measures the volume of an insoluble solid using water displacement

      • B.1.d.v Measures temperature using a graduated thermometer

    • B.1.e Using observational instruments

      • B.1.e.i Uses observational instruments appropriately (e.g. magnifying glass, stereomicroscope, binoculars, microscope)

Strategies

• A Exploration strategies

  • A.15 Ensuring that the procedure is appropriate and safe and making the necessary adjustments

• B Instrumentation strategies

  • B.6 Selecting suitable techniques or tools for observation

• C Analytical strategies

  • C.1 Identifying the constraints and important elements related to the problem-solving situation

    • Identify parts of the engineering-design process (8-C.1)

  • C.2 Dividing a complex problem into simpler subproblems

  • C.3 Using different types of reasoning (e.g. inductive and deductive reasoning, comparison, classification, prioritization) in order to process information

• D Communication strategies

  • D.5 Using tools to display information in various formats (e.g. data tables, graphs, diagrams)