Prince Edward Island

Life Science: Meeting Basic Needs and Maintaining a Healthy Body

• The Digestive and Excretory Systems

  • propose questions to investigate about how our body works and what its components are (204-1)

    • Human organs and their functions (5-J.1)

  • describe the structure and function of the major organs of the digestive system (302-5a)

    • Body systems: digestion (5-J.3)

  • carry out procedures to investigate how simulated saliva can start the digestion process, by breaking down substances like starch into simple sugars, and record observations using sentences or charts (205-1, 206-2)

  • describe the structure and function of the major organs of the excretory system (302-5b)

    • Body systems: removing waste (5-J.4)

  • describe examples of the products/technologies that have been developed in response a need for the disposal, control and containment of excrement (107-8)

• The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

  • describe the structure and function of the major organs of the respiratory system (302-5c)

    • Body systems: circulation and respiration (5-J.2)

  • describe the structure and function of the major organs of the circulatory system (302-5d)

    • Body systems: circulation and respiration (5-J.2)

  • propose questions about the factors that affect breathing and heartbeat rate and rephrase these questions in a testable form (204-1, 204-2)

    • Identify the experimental question (5-B.3)

  • carry out procedures, making sure to control variables, to investigate the factors affecting breathing and heartbeat rate and compile and display data from these investigations in a graph (205-1, 206-2)

    • Identify control and experimental groups (5-B.1)
    • Identify independent and dependent variables (5-B.2)

  • demonstrate and describe the scientific processes used to investigate the factors that affect breathing and heartbeat rate (104-2)

    • Identify steps of the scientific method (5-A.1)

• The Skeletal, Muscular and Nervous Systems

  • describe the structure and function of the major organs of the nervous system (302-5e)

    • Body systems: perception and motion (5-J.5)

  • demonstrate how the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems work together to produce movement (302-6)

    • Body systems: perception and motion (5-J.5)

  • carry out procedures to explore response time and identify and suggest explanations for patterns and discrepancies in the data collected (205-1, 206-3)

  • describe various medical technologies, such as exercise machines and artificial limbs, that have arisen from the study of how our body moves (106-4)

    • Science literacy: how does the nervous system produce phantom pain? (6-M.5)

  • provide examples of Canadians who have contributed to science and technology related to body organs, systems and health issues (107-12)

Physical Science: Properties and Changes in Materials

• Properties of Materials

  • identify properties that allow materials to be distinguished from one another (104-7, 300-10)

    • Compare properties of objects (5)

  • classify materials as solids, liquids or gases and illustrate the classification in a chart showing the properties of each material (206-1, 300-9)

    • Identify and sort solids, liquids, and gases (5-D.1)

• Physical Changes

  • observe and identify physical changes, that can be made to an object, that change the form or size of the material in the object without producing any new materials (301-9, 205-5)

    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing (5-D.2)
    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing and sublimating (5-D.3)
    • Heating, cooling and changes of state (5-D.4)

  • identify and describe some physical changes that are reversible and some which are not (301-10)

    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing (5-D.2)
    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing and sublimating (5-D.3)
    • Heating, cooling and changes of state (5-D.4)

• Chemical Changes

  • describe chemical changes that occur when materials interact with each other to form totally new materials including those that result in the production of a gas (301-12, 301-11)

    • Compare physical and chemical changes (5-E.1)
    • Identify reactants and products (5-E.2)

  • identify and describe some chemical changes to materials that are reversible and some which are not (301-10)

  • work with team members to develop and carry out a plan to systematically distinguish a material based on its chemical properties (204-7, 207-3, 204-5)

  • compile and display data that represents the results of chemical tests used to distinguish one material from another (206-2)

• Sources/Masses of Materials in Objects

  • follow a given set of procedures to relate the mass of a whole object to the sum of the mass of its parts and suggest possible explanations for variations in the results (104-5, 205-3, 300-11)

    • Understand conservation of matter using graphs (5-C.2)

  • describe examples of manufactured materials that have been developed to improve human living conditions (107-8)

  • identify the source of the materials found in an object and use a variety of methods and technologies to gather information to describe the changes required of the natural materials to create the object (205-8, 300-12)

Physical Science: Forces and Simple Machines

• Forces and their Effects

  • observe, investigate and describe how forces can act directly or from a distance to cause objects to move or remain in place (303-12, 303-13)

    • Identify directions of forces (5-I.1)
    • How do balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion? (5-I.2)

  • describe forces as contact or non-contact (104-7)

  • demonstrate and describe the effect of increasing and decreasing the amount of force applied to an object (303-14)

  • make observations in order to describe force qualitatively and quantitatively (205-4, 205-5)

  • estimate the force needed to lift or pull a given load in standard or nonstandard units (205-6)

• Friction

  • propose questions to investigate, identify variables to control and plan steps to identify factors that affect friction (204-1, 204-5, 204-7)

  • investigate and compare the effect of friction on the movement of objects over a variety of surfaces (303-15)

  • demonstrate the use of rollers, wheels and axles in moving objects (303-16)

  • describe how the understanding of the concept of friction has led to the development of products that reduce and enhance friction (106-4, 107-1)

• Simple Machines–An Introduction

  • use simple machines to reduce effort or increase the distance an object moves (205-2)

  • compare the force needed to lift or move a load manually with the effort required to lift it using a simple machine (303-17)

  • identify problems that consider large amount of effort needed to lift or move heavy objects, using the knowledge they gained through the study of forces (206-9)

• Simple Machines–Levers

  • differentiate between the position of the fulcrum, the load and the effort when using a lever to accomplish a particular task (303-18)

  • design the most efficient lever to accomplish a given task (303-19)

• Simple Machines–Pulleys, Systems of Machines

  • compare the force needed to lift a load using a single pulley system with that needed to lift it using a multiple pulley system and predict the effect of adding another pulley on load-lifting capacity (303-20, 204-3)

  • design a system of machines to solve a task (204-7)

  • communicate questions, ideas and intentions; listen to others; and suggest improvements to the systems of machines designed by students in the class (207-1, 206-6)

  • describe examples of how simple machines have improved living conditions (107-8)

  • identify examples of machines that have been used in the past, and have developed over time, using information sources such as books, software packages and the Internet (205-8, 105-5)

Earth and Space Science: Weather

• Measuring and Describing Weather

  • identify and use weather-related folklore to predict weather (105-2)

  • identify, construct and use instruments for measuring weather information (204-8, 205-4, 205-10)

    • Collect and graph temperature data (5-N.1)

  • use appropriate terminology to name weather instruments when collecting weather data (104-7)

    • Collect and graph temperature data (5-N.1)

  • record observations using instruments to describe weather in terms of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and cloud cover (205-7, 300-13)

    • Collect and graph temperature data (5-N.1)

  • classify clouds as stratus, cumulus, cirrus or "other," compare results with others and recognize that results may vary (104-4, 206-1)

  • use a variety of sources to gather information to describe the key features of a variety of weather systems (205-8, 302-11)

  • estimate weather measurements for various times of the day, week or for weather systems (205-6)

  • identify weather-related technological innovations and products that have been developed by various cultures in response to weather conditions (107-14)

• Sun's Energy Reaching the Earth

  • relate the transfer of energy from the sun to weather conditions (303-21)

    • Label parts of water cycle diagrams (5)
    • Select parts of water cycle diagrams (5)

  • identify and use appropriate tools and materials to measure the temperature of soil and water after exposing them to light and draw conclusions about the temperature readings (204-8, 205-4, 206-5)

• Properties of Air

  • describe situations which demonstrate air takes up space, has weight and expands when heated (300-14)

  • draw a conclusion, based on evidence gathered through research and observation, about the patterns of air and/or water flow that result when two air or water masses of different temperature meet (206-5)

    • Explore air masses (6-T.1)
    • Identify and compare air masses (6-T.2)
    • How do air masses form? (6-T.3)

• Movement of Air and Water

  • identify patterns in indoor and outdoor air movement (302-10)

    • Explore air masses (6-T.1)
    • Identify and compare air masses (6-T.2)
    • How do air masses form? (6-T.3)

  • relate the constant circulation of water on Earth to the processes of evaporation, condensation and precipitation (301-13)

    • Label parts of water cycle diagrams (5)
    • Select parts of water cycle diagrams (5)

• Predicting the Weather

  • compile and display weather data collected over a period of time in table and/or graph format and identify and suggest explanations for patterns or discrepancies in the data (206-2, 206-3)

    • Collect and graph temperature data (5-N.1)

  • ask different people in the community and region for advice on how to predict weather and compare the tools and techniques they use to make predictions (107-2, 107-10, 207-4)

  • provide examples of ways that weather forecasts are used by various people in their community (107-5)

  • describe and predict patterns of change in local weather conditions (204-3, 301-14)

• Environmental Issues

  • identify examples of weather phenomena that are currently being studied (105-1)

    • The greenhouse effect (6-T.4)

  • identify positive and negative effects of technologies that affect weather and the environment (108-1)

    • The greenhouse effect (6-T.4)

  • describe how studies of the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and the increase in acid rain have led to new inventions and stricter regulations on emissions from cars, factories and other polluting technologies (106-4)