A1.1 apply a scientific research process and associated skills to conduct investigations, making connections between their research and the scientific concepts they are learning

A1.2 apply a scientific experimentation process and associated skills to conduct investigations, making connections between their observations and findings and the scientific concepts they are learning

A1.3 apply an engineering design process and associated skills to design, build, and test devices, models, structures, and/or systems

A1.4 apply coding skills to investigate and to model scientific concepts and relationships

A1.5 apply their knowledge and understanding of safe practices and procedures, including the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), while planning and carrying out hands-on investigations

A2.1 design an experiment or a prototype to explore a problem relevant to a STEM-related occupation, such as a skilled trade, using findings from research

A2.2 describe how scientific innovations and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence systems, impact society and careers

A2.3 analyse how the development and application of science is economically, culturally, and socially contextualized, by investigating real-world issues

A2.4 apply scientific literacy skills when investigating social and environmental issues that have personal, local, and/or global impacts

A2.5 analyse contributions to science by people from various communities, including communities in Canada

B1.1 assess impacts of climate change on the sustainability of local and global ecosystems, describe local or global initiatives for combating climate change, and identify solutions to address some of the impacts

B1.2 assess impacts of climate change on communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities

B1.3 investigate and explain how sustainable practices used by various communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, reflect an understanding of the importance of the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems

B2.1 investigate interactions between the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere, and explain why these interactions are important for ecosystem sustainability

B2.2 explain how naturally occurring phenomena, including the cycling of matter and the flow of energy, contribute to the dynamic equilibrium within and between ecosystems

B2.3 compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and explain how their complementary relationship contributes to the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems

B2.4 investigate factors and processes, including biodiversity, air and water quality, soil health, and succession, and explain how they contribute to ecosystem sustainability

B2.5 explain the effects of various human activities on the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems

B2.6 identify and use various indicators of climate change to describe the impacts of climate change on local and global ecosystems, and analyse how human activities contribute to climate change

B2.7 explain how sustainable practices related to the cycling of matter and the flow of energy can be applied in agricultural innovations

C1.1 assess social, environmental, and economic impacts of processes associated with the life cycle of consumer products, considering the elements and compounds used to make them, and suggest ways to enhance positive impacts and/or minimize negative impacts

C1.2 analyse impacts of using emerging chemical technologies in various fields, including in the skilled trades, and assess factors that influence the development of these technologies

C2.1 investigate properties, changes, and interactions of matter that are important for the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems and their sustainability

C2.2 research the role of experimental evidence in the development of various atomic models, and compare and contrast different models of the atom

C2.3 identify the location, relative mass, and charge of subatomic particles within an atom, using the Bohr-Rutherford model

C2.4 explain the relationship between the position of an element in the periodic table and the structure of its atoms, using models

C2.5 investigate the physical and chemical properties of elements, and use their findings to relate these properties to the organization of the periodic table, classify elements, and identify patterns in the periodic table

C2.6 investigate and describe physical and chemical properties of elements and compounds, including those that make up common household products

C2.7 describe the relationship between the structure of simple compounds and their chemical formulas

D1.1 assess social, environmental, and economic benefits and challenges resulting from the production of electrical energy from various sources

D1.2 evaluate how electrical energy production and consumption impact various communities locally or globally, and describe ways to achieve sustainable practices

D1.3 develop a plan of action to address a local or global electrical energy production or consumption issue, including strategies for energy conservation

D1.4 analyse social, environmental, and economic impacts of emerging technologies related to electrical energy production, consumption, storage, and conservation

D2.1 conduct investigations to explain the behaviour of electric charges in static and current electricity, and to relate the observed behaviour to the properties of subatomic particles and atomic structure

D2.2 determine the conductivity of various materials by investigating their ability to hold or transfer electric charges

D2.3 identify the components of a direct current (DC) circuit and explain their functions, and identify electrical quantities, their symbols, and their corresponding International System of Units (SI) units

D2.4 investigate the relationships between electric current, potential difference, and resistance in electrical circuits, and develop a mathematical model to represent the relationships

D2.5 apply a mathematical model to calculate electric current, potential difference, and resistance in real-world situations

D2.6 construct series and parallel circuits to compare electric current, potential difference, and resistance in both types of circuits

D2.7 explain the difference between electricity and electrical energy

D2.8 determine the efficiency of various electrical devices that consume or produce electrical energy, and identify the energy transformations in each device

E1.1 evaluate social, environmental, and economic impacts of space observation and exploration

E1.2 evaluate how space observation and exploration technologies contribute to our understanding of climate change, natural disasters, and other phenomena

E1.3 assess ways in which technological innovations related to space observation and exploration are applied in various fields, including their contributions to sustainable practices on Earth

E2.1 describe the importance of the Sun and its characteristics, including its role in the solar system and in sustaining life on Earth

E2.2 explain how the Sun's energy causes natural phenomena on Earth, and how these phenomena contribute to renewable energy production

E2.3 summarize observational evidence used to support theories about the origin and evolution of the universe and the solar system, considering diverse ways of knowing

E2.4 describe major components of the solar system and the universe and compare their characteristics

E2.5 quantify distances in the solar system and the universe by applying an understanding of relative distances and sizes and using appropriate units of measure

E2.6 conduct investigations to explain the causes of various astronomical phenomena that can be observed from Earth